Paṭhama-Mahāsaṅgīti - Vanṇṇanā Paṭhamo Paricchedo
Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammāsambuddhassa
SADDHAMMASAṄGAHO
Paṭhama-Mahāsaṅgīti-Vanṇṇanā
Paṭhamo Paricchedo
- Buddhaṃ Dhammañca Saṅghañca namassitvā guṇālayaṃ
Saddhamma-saṅgahaṃ nāma pavakkhāmi samāsato
- Nipaccakāra-puññassa katassa ratanattaye
ānubhāvena sosetvā antarāye asesato
- Piṭakaṭṭhakathāmaggaṃ ādāya sabbamatthato
Jinasāsana-vuddhatthaṃ piṭakattaya-lekhinaṃ
- Pasāda-jananatthañca dhīmatā racitaṃ idaṃ
Sunātha sādhavo sabbe sotukāmā idhālaye
Saddhamma-saṅgahaṃ nāma paripuṇṇam-anākulaṃ.
Tadattha dīpanatthaṃ ayam-ānupubbīkathā. Amhākaṃ kira Bhagavā bodhisatta-bhūto ito kappa satasahassādhikānaṃ catunnaṃ asaṅkheyyānaṃ matthake catuvīsati-buddhānaṃ santike laddhavyākaraṇo hutvā samatiṃsa pāramiyo pūretvā paramābhisambodhiṃ patvā bodhito paṭṭhāya pañcacattāḷīsa-saṃvaccharāni ṭhatvā caturāsīti dhammakkhandha-sahassāni desetvā gaṇana-paṭhamatīte satte saṃsāra-kantārato santāretvā yāva Subhaddaparibbājaka-vinayanaṃ tāva sabba-buddha-kiccāni niṭṭhāpetvā Kusinārāyaṃ Sālavane yamakasālānamantare parinibbāna-mañcake nipanno parinibbāyi.
Tenāhu porāṇā:
- Dīpaṅkarādayo purā Sambuddhe catuvīsatiṃ
ārādhetvā mahāvīro tehi bodhāya vyākato
- Pūretvā pāramī sabbā patto sambodhim-uttamaṃ
Uttamo Gotamo Buddho satte dukkhā pamocayi [1]
- Sabba-sambuddha-kiccaṃ so katvā santikaraṃ padaṃ
Parinibbāna-mañcamhi nibbuto lokanāyako ti.
Parinibbute Bhagavati Lokanāthe tattha sannipatitānaṃ sattannaṃ bhikkhu-satasahassānaṃ saṅghatthero āyasmā Mahākassapatthero sattāha-parinibbute Bhagavati Subhaddena buḍḍhapabbajitena vuttavacanaṃ samanussaranto bhikkhū āmantesi: “Mayaṃ āvuso dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyeyyāmāti.” Bhikkhū āhaṃsu: “Tena hi bhante thero bhikkhū uccinatūti.” Atha kho āyasmā Mahākassapo pañca arahantabhikkhu-satāni uccinitvā: “Rājagahe āvuso vassaṃ vasantā dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyeyyāmāti.”
Tenāhu porāṇā:
- Satta-sata-sahassāni tesu pāmokkha-bhikkhavo
Thero Mahākassapo ca saṅghatthero tadā ahu [2]
- Lokanāthe dasabale sattāha-parinubbute
Dubbhāsitaṃ Subhaddassa buḍḍhassa vacanaṃ saraṃ [3]
- Bhikkhupañcasate yeva mahā khiṇāsave vare
Uccinitvā mahāthero mahāsaṅgīti kātave [4]
- Vassānaṃ dutiye māse dutiye divase pana
Rucire maṇḍape tasmiṃ therā sannipatiṃsu te ti. [5]
Atha therā bhikkhū dutiya divase katabhattakiccā patta-cīvaraṃ paṭisāmetvā. Ajātasattunā kata-dhamma-sabhāyaṃ sannipatiṃsu. Evaṃ nisinne tasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe Mahā-kassapatthero bhikkhū āmantesi: “Āvuso kiṃ paṭhamaṃ saṅgāyeyyāma dhammaṃ vā vinayaṃ vāti?” Bhikkhū āhaṃsu: “Bhante Mahākassapa vinayo nāma, Buddha-sāsanassa āyu, vinaye ṭhite sāsanaṃ ṭhitam hoti. Tasmā paṭhamaṃ vinayaṃ saṅgāyeyyāmāti.” “Kaṃ dhuraṃ katvā vinayaṃ saṅgāyitabbanti?” “Āyasmantaṃ Upāliṃ dhuraṃ katvāti” āhaṃsu.
Mahākassapatthero vinayaṃ pucchanatthāya attanāva attānaṃ sammanni. Upālitthero vinayaṃ vissajjanatthāya attanāva attānaṃ sammanni. Athāyasmā Upāli uṭṭhayāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā there bhikkhū vanditvā dhammāsane nisīditvā dantakhacitavījaniṃ aggahesi. Tato āyasmā Mahākassapo therāsane nisiditvā āyasmantaṃ Upāliṃ pucchi: “Paṭhama-pārājikaṃ āvuso kattha paññattanti?” “Vesāliyaṃ bhante ti” “Kaṃ ārabbhā ti?” “Sudinnaṃ Kalandakaputtaṃ ārabbhāti.” “Kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ ti?” “Methunadhamme ti.”
Atha kho āyasmā Mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ Upāliṃ paṭhamassa pārājikassa vatthumpi pucchi nidānampi pucchi puggalampi pucchi paññattimpi pucchi anupaññattimpi pucchi āpattimpi pucchi anāpattimpi pucchi.[6]
Yathā paṭhamassa tathā dutiyassa tathā tatiyassa tathā catutthassa vatthumpi pucchi … pe … anāpattimpi pucchi. Puṭṭho puṭṭho Upālitthero vissajjesi. Tato imāni cattāri pārājikāni Pārājikakaṇḍaṃ nāma idan ti saṅgahaṃ āropetvā ṭhapesuṃ, terasa saṅghādisesā Terasa-kaṇḍan ti ṭhapesuṃ, dve sikkhāpadāni Aniyatānīti ṭhapesuṃ, timsa sikkhāpadāni Nissaggiya-pācittiyānīti ṭhapesuṃ, dvenavuti sikkhāpadāni Pācittiyānīti ṭhapesuṃ, cattāri sikkhāpadāni Pāṭidesanīyānīti ṭhapesuṃ, pañca sattati sikkhāpadāni Sekhiyānīti ṭhapesuṃ, satta dhamme Adhikaraṇa-samathānīti ṭhapesuṃ. [7] Evaṃ Mahāvibhaṅgasaṅgahaṃ āropetvā Bhikkhunī-vibhaṅge aṭṭha sikkhāpadāni Pārājika-kaṇḍaṃ nāma idanti ṭhapesuṃ, sattarasa sikkhāpadāni Sattarasa kaṇḍanti ṭhapesuṃ, timsa sikkhāpadāni Nissaggiya-pācittiyānīti ṭhapesuṃ, chasaṭṭhisata sikkhāpadāni Pācittiyānīti ṭhapesuṃ, aṭṭha sikkhāpadāni Pātidesaniyānīti ṭhapesuṃ, pañca sattati sikkhāpadāni Sekhiyānīti ṭhapesuṃ, sattadhamme Adhikaraṇasamathānīti ṭhapesuṃ. [8] Evaṃ Bhikkhunī-vibhaṅga saṅgahaṃ āropetvā eten’eva upāyena Khandhaka-parivāre pi āropesuṃ.
Evametaṃ Ubhatovibhaṅga Khandhaka Parivāraṃ Vinayapiṭakaṃ saṅgahamārūḷhaṃ sabbaṃ Mahākassapa-t-thero pucchi Upālitthero vissajjesi. Pucchā-vissajjana-pariyosāne pañca arahanta-satāni saṅgahaṃ āropita niyāmen’ eva gaṇasajjhāyamakaṃsu. Vinaya saṅgahāvasāne mahāpaṭhavī kampo ahosi.
Atha kho āyasmā Upālitthero danta-khacita-vījaniṃ nikkhipitvā dhammāsanato orohitvā buḍḍhe bhikkhū vanditvā attano pattāsane nisīdi.
Tenāhu poraṇā:
- Mahā theropi attānaṃ vinayaṃ pucchituṃ sayaṃ
Sammannupālitthero vissajjetuṃ tameva tu
- Therāsane nisīditvā vinayaṃ tamapucchi so
Dhammāsane nisīditvā vissajjesi tameva so
- Vinayaññūnamaggena vissajjita-kamena te
Sabbe sajjhāyamakaruṃ vinaye naya-kovidā ti. [9]
Atha kho āyasmā Mahākassapo vinayaṃ saṅgāyitvā dhammaṃ saṅgāyitukāmo bhikkhū pucchi: “Dhammaṃ saṅgāyantehi kaṃ puggalaṃ dhuraṃ katvā dhammo saṅgāyitabboti?” Bhikkhū: “Ānandattheraṃ dhuraṃ katvāti” āhaṃsu.
Atha kho āyasmā Mahākassapo dhammaṃ pucchanatthāya attanāva attānaṃ sammanni, Ānandatthero dhammaṃ vissajjanatthāya attanāva attānaṃ sammanni. Āyasmā Ānando uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā there bhikkhū vanditvā dhammāsane nisīditvā danta-khacita-vījaniṃ aggahesi. Mahākassapatthero therāsane nisīditvā Ānanda-t-theraṃ dhammaṃ pucchi: “Brahmajālaṃ āvuso Ānanda kattha bhāsitan’ ti” “Antarā ca bhante Rājagahaṃ antarā ca Nālandaṃ rājāgārake Ambalaṭṭhikāyanti” “Kaṃ ārabbhāti” “Suppiyañca paribbājakaṃ Brahmadattañca māṇavakanti.” Atha kho āyasmā Mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ Ānandaṃ Brahmajālassa nidanampi pucchi puggalampi pucchi.
Tato paraṃ: “Sāmaññaphalaṃ pana āvuso Ānanda kattha bhāsitanti?” ādinā pucchi. “Rājagahe bhante Jīvakambavane ti.” “Kena saddhinti?” “Ajātasattunā Vedehiputtena saddhinti.” Atha kho āyasmā Mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ Ānandaṃ Sāmaññaphalassa nidānampi pucchi puggalampi pucchi.
Eten’eva upāyena Brahmajāla-suttādi-catuttiṃsa-sutta-parimāṇaṃ Dīghanikāyaṃ saṅgāyitvā “Ayaṃ Dīghanikāyo nāmāti” vatvā sajjhāyavasena āyasmantaṃ Ānandaṃ paṭicchāpesuṃ: “Āvuso imaṃ tuyhaṃ nissitake vācehīti.”
Tato paraṃ Mūlapariyāya-suttādi diyaḍḍha sata dvi suttaparimāṇaṃ Majjhima-nikāyaṃ saṅgāyitvā dhamma-senāpati Sāriputtattherassa nissitake paṭicchāpesuṃ: “Imaṃ tumhe pariharathāti.”
Tatoparaṃ Oghataraṇa-suttādi-satta-sahassa-sattasata-dvāsaṭṭhi-sutta parimāṇaṃ Saṃyutta-nikāyaṃ saṅgāyitvā Mahākassapattheraṃ paṭicchāpesuṃ: “Bhante imaṃ tumhākaṃ nissitake vācethāti.”
Tatoparaṃ Cittapariyādāna-suttādi-navasahassa-pañca-sata-sattapaññāsa-suttaparimāṇaṃ Aṅguttara-nikāyaṃ saṅgāyitvā Anuruddhattheraṃ paṭicchāpesuṃ: “Imaṃ tumhākaṃ nissitake vācethāti.”
Tatoparaṃ Khuddakapāṭha Dhammapada Udāna Itivuttaka Suttanipāta Vimānavatthu Petavatthu Theragāthā Therigāthā Jātaka Niddesa Paṭisambhidā Apadāna Buddhavaṃsa Cariyāpiṭakavasena paṇṇarasappabhedaṃ Khuddaka-nikāyaṃ saṅgāyitvā: “Idaṃ Suttantapiṭakaṃ nāmāti” ṭhapesuṃ.
Tatoparaṃ Dhammasaṅganī Vibhaṅga Dhātukathā Puggalapaññatti Kathāvatthu Yamaka Paṭṭhāna mahāpakaraṇa-vasena sattappabhedaṃ pakaraṇaṃ saṅgāyitvā: “Idaṃ Abhidhamma-piṭakaṃ nāmāti” ṭhapesuṃ.
Evaṃ saṅgahamārūḷhaṃ sabbaṃ Mahākassapatthero pucchi Ānandatthero vissajjesi. Pucchāvissajjanapariyosane pañca arahanta-satāni gaṇasajjhāyāmakaṃsu, Dhammasaṅgahāvasāne mahāpaṭhavīkampo ahosi.
Atha kho āyasmā Ānando danta-khacita-vījaniṃ nikkhipitvā dhammāsanato oruhitvā buḍḍhe bhikkhū vanditvā attano pattāsane nisīdi.
Tenāhu porāṇā:
- Aggaṃ bahussutādīnaṃ kosārakkhaṃ mahesino
Samannitvāna attānaṃ thero dhammamapucchi so
- Tathā sammanni attānaṃ dhammāsana-gato sayaṃ
Vissajjesi tam Ānandatthero dhammamasesato ti. [10]
[11]“Sabbampi Buddhavacanaṃ rasavasena ekavidhaṃ, dhammavinayavasena duvidhaṃ, paṭhama-majjhima-pacchima vasena tividhaṃ, tathā piṭakavasena, nikāyavasena pañcavidhaṃ, aṅgavasena navavidhaṃ, dhammakkhandha-vasena cāturāsīti sahassavidhanti” veditabbaṃ.
Kathaṃ rasavasena ekavidhaṃ? Yaṃ hi bhagavatā anuttaraṃ sammā-sambodhiṃ abhisambhujjhitvā yāva anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati etthantare pañca-cattāḷīsa-vassāni deva-manussa-nāga-yakkhādayo anusāsantena paccavekkhantena vā vuttaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ ekarasaṃ vimuttirasameva hoti. Evaṃ rasavasena ekavidhaṃ.
Kathaṃ dhammavinayavasena duvidhaṃ? “Vinayapiṭakaṃ vinayo, avasesa Buddhavacanaṃ dhammoti” evaṃ dhammavinaya-vasena duvidhaṃ.
Kathaṃ paṭhama-majjhima-pacchima vasena tividhaṃ? Tattha:
- Anekajāti saṃsāraṃ sandhāvissaṃ anibbisaṃ
Gahakārakaṃ gavesanto dukkhā jāti punappunaṃ
- Gahakāraka diṭṭhosi puna gehaṃ na kāhasi
Sabbā te phāsukā bhaggā gahakūṭaṃ visaṅkhitaṃ
Visaṅkhāragataṃ cittaṃ taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagāti.
Idam paṭhama-Buddhavacanaṃ. Keci “Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā ti” khandhake udānagāthamāhu. Sā pana pāṭipada-divase sabbaññubhāvappattassa somanassamaya-ñāṇena paccayākāraṃ paccavekkhantassa uppanna udāna-gāthāti veditabbā. Yaṃ parinibbānakāle abhāsi “Handa dāni bhikkhave āmantayāni vo vayadhammā saṅkhārā appamādena sampādethāti” idaṃ pacchima-Buddha-vacanaṃ.
Ubhinnamantare yaṃ vuttametaṃ majjhima-Buddha-vacanaṃ. Evaṃ paṭhama-majjhima-pacchimavasena tividhaṃ.
Kathaṃ piṭakavasena tividhaṃ? Sabbampi h’etaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ suttantapiṭakaṃ abhidhammapiṭakanti tippabhedameva hoti.
Tenāhu porāṇā:
- Tesu Pārājikaṃ kaṇḍaṃ Pācittiyam athāparaṃ
Bhikkhuṇīnaṃ vibhaṅgo ca Mahāvaggo tathāparo
Cūlavagga Parivāro Vinaya-piṭakanti taṃ mataṃ.
Idaṃ Vinaya-piṭakaṃ nāma.
- Catuttiṃs’ eva suttantā tivagga yassa saṅgaho
Esa Dīgha-nikāyo ti paṭhamo anulomiko
- Diyaḍḍhasata suttantā dve ca suttāni yattha so
Nikāyo Majjhimo pañcadasavaggapariggaho
- Satta suttasahassāni sattasuttasatāni ca
Dvāsaṭṭhi c’eva suttantā eso Saṃyuttasaṅgaho
- Nava suttasahassāni pañca suttasatāni ca
Sattapaññāsa suttāni saṅkhā Aṅguttare ayaṃ
- Khuddakapāṭho Dhammapadaṃ Udānaṃ Itivuttakaṃ
Suttanipāto Vimānaṃ Petavatthumathāparaṃ
- Thero Therī ca Jātakaṃ Niddeso Paṭisambhidā
Apadānaṃ Buddhavaṃso Cariyāpiṭakameva ca
Paṇṇarasāppabhede’ yaṃ nikāyo khuddako mato.
Idaṃ Suttantapiṭakaṃ nāma
- Dhammasaṅgaṇī Vibhaṅgo ca Dhātukathā tathāparaṃ
Tathā Puggalapaññatti Kathāvatthuppakaraṇaṃ
- Yamakaṃ atha Paṭṭhānaṃ ime satta-pabhedato
Abhidhammo ti piṭakaṃ sammāsambuddha-desitanti.
Idaṃ Abhidhamma-piṭakaṃ nāma. Evaṃ piṭakavasena tividhaṃ hoti.
Kathaṃ nikāyavasena pañcavidhaṃ hoti? Dīghanikāyo Majjhimanikāyo Saṃyuttanikāyo Aṅguttaranikāyo Khuddakanikāyo ti.
Tenāhu porāṇā:
- Ṭhapetvā caturop’ete nikāye Dīgha-ādike
Tadaññaṃ Buddhavacanaṃ nikāyo khuddako mato ti. [12]
Evaṃ nikāyavasena pañcavidhaṃ hoti.
Kathaṃ aṅgavasena navavidhaṃ? sabbameva h’ idaṃ suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaranaṃ gāthā udānaṃ iti-uttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhūtadhammaṃ vedallan ti navaṅgappabhedaṃ hoti. Tattha Ubhatovibhaṅga Niddesa Khandhaka Parivāra Suttanipāte Maṅgalasutta Ratanasutta Nālakasutta Tuvaṭakasuttāni aññanpi ca suttanāmakaṃ Tathāgata-vacanaṃ Suttanti veditabbaṃ. Sabbampi sagāthakaṃ suttaṃ Geyyan ti veditabbaṃ. Visesena Saṃyuttake sakalo pi sagāthaka-vaggo. Sakalampi Abhidhammapiṭakaṃ niggāthakaṃ suttaṃ yañca aññampi aṭṭhahi aṅgehi asaṅgahitaṃ Buddha-vacanaṃ taṃ Veyyākarananti veditabbaṃ. Dhammapadaṃ Theragāthā Therigāthā Suttanipāte no suttanāmikā suddhikagāthā ca Gāthāti veditabbā. Somanassa-ñāṇamayika-gāthā-paṭisaṃyuttā dve asīti suttantā Udānanti veditabbaṃ. “Vuttaṃ h’ etaṃ Bhagavatā ti” ādi nayappavattā dasuttara-sata-suttantā Itivuttakanti veditabbaṃ. Apaṇṇakajātakādīni paññasādhikāni pañca jātaka-satāni Jātakanti veditabbaṃ. “Cattāro me bhikkhave acchariyā abbhūta-dhammā Ānande ti” ādi nayappavattā sabbepi acchariyabbhūta-dhamma paṭisaṃyutta suttantā Abbhūta-dhammanti veditabbaṃ. Cullavedallaṃ Mahāvedallaṃ Sammādiṭṭhi Sakkapañha Saṅkhārabhājaniya Mahāpuṇṇama suttādayo sabbe pi vedañca tutthiñca laddhā laddhā pucchita-suttantā Vedallanti veditabbaṃ. Evaṃ aṅgavasena navavidhaṃ hoti.
Kathaṃ dhammakkhandhavasena caturāsītisahassavidhaṃ?
Tenāhu porāṇā:
- Dvāsītiṃ Buddhato gaṇhiṃ dvesahassāni bhikkhuto
Caturāsīti sahassāni ye ’me dhammā pavattino ti
- Ekavīsa sahassāni khandhā Vinayapiṭake
Ekavīsasahassāni khandhā Suttantapiṭake
Dve cattāḷīsa sahassāni khandhā Abhidhamma piṭake ti.
Evaṃ paridipina-dhammakkhandhavasena caturāsīti sahassappabhedaṃ hoti.
Tattha ekānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ eko dhammakkhandho. Yaṃ anekānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ aneka-dhammakkhandho. Tattha anusandhivasena dhammakkhandha-gaṇanā. Gāthā-khandhesu pañhapucchanaṃ eko dhammakkhandho, vissajjanaṃ eko dhammakkhandho. Abhidhamme ekamekaṃ tika-duka-bhājanaṃ ekamekañca cittavārabhājanaṃ eko dhammakkhanho. Vinaye atthi vatthu, atthi mātikā, atthi padabhājanīyaṃ, atthi antarāpatti, atthi anāpatti, atthi paricchedo. Tattha ekameko koṭṭhāso ekameko dhammakkhandho ti veditabbo. Evaṃ dhammakkhandhavasena caturāsīti sahassavidhaṃ hoti.
Evamādi anekappabhedaṃ Buddhavacanaṃ saṅgāyantena Mahākassapa-pamukhena vasīgaṇena “Ayaṃ Dhammo ayaṃ Vinayo” ti ādinā nayappabhedaṃ vavatthapetvā sattahi māsehi saṅgītaṃ. Saṅgīti-pariyosāne c’ assa: “Idaṃ Mahākassapattherena Dasabalassa sāsanaṃ pañcavassa-sahassaparimāṇa-kālappavattana-samatthaṃ katanti” sañjātappamodā sādhukāraṃ viya dadamānā ayaṃ mahā paṭhavī udakapariyantaṃ katvā anekappakāraṃ saṅkampi sampakampi sampavedhi anekāni ca acchariyāni pāturahesunti. Ayaṃ paṭhama mahāsaṅgīti nāma.
Tenāhu porāṇā: Yā loke,
- Satehi pañcahi katā tena Pañca-satā ti ca
Thereh’ eva katattā ca Therikā ti pavuccati [13]
- Evaṃ sattahi māsehi dhammasaṅgīti niṭṭhitā
Sabbalokahitatthāya sabbalokahitena hi
- Mahākassapatherena idaṃ Sugatasāsanaṃ
Pañca vassa-sahassāni samatthaṃ vattake kataṃ
- Atīva-jāta-pāmojjā sandhāraka-jalantikā
Saṅgīti-pariyosāne chadhā kampi mahāmahī
- Acchariyāni pāhesuṃ loke ’nekāni ’nekadhā
Thereh’ eva katattā ca Theriyā ’yaṃ paramparā
- Paṭhamaṃ saṅgahaṃ katvā katvā loke hitaṃ bahuṃ
Te yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā therā sabbepi nibbutā ti
- Evaṃ aniccataṃ jammiṃ ñatvā durabhisambhavaṃ
Tuvaṭaṃ vāyāme dhīro yaṃ niccaṃ amataṃ padanti. [14]
Sujanappasādāya kate Saddhammasaṅgahe
paṭhama-mahā-saṅgīti-vaṇṇanā
niṭṭhitā.
-ooOoo-